Fertilization
Updated:Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell successfully fuses with an egg (ovum), combining their genetic material to form a zygote. This crucial step in sexual reproduction typically occurs in the fallopian tube of the female reproductive system after sexual intercourse or through assisted reproductive technologies. Fertilization marks the beginning of pregnancy and the development of a new organism.
Additional Information
For fertilization to occur naturally, several conditions must be met. The timing needs to align with ovulation, when a mature egg is released from the ovary. Sperm must successfully travel through the female reproductive tract, which can take up to 72 hours. Out of millions of sperm, only one will typically penetrate and fertilize the egg. Once fertilization occurs, the zygote begins dividing and travels to the uterus for implantation.
It's important to note that fertilization doesn't always result in a viable pregnancy. Many fertilized eggs fail to implant or stop developing early on, often without the person knowing conception occurred.
Examples
Natural fertilization: A couple trying to conceive has unprotected sex during the woman's fertile window, resulting in sperm meeting and fertilizing an egg in her fallopian tube.
In vitro fertilization (IVF): Eggs are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting before being implanted in the uterus.