Sperm
Updated:Sperm, also known as spermatozoa, are the male reproductive cells or gametes produced in the testes. Sperm cells are essential for sexual reproduction, as they fertilize the female egg (ovum) to create a zygote, which develops into an embryo. Sperm are microscopic in size and consist of a head, midpiece, and tail.
Additional Information
The head of the sperm contains the genetic material (DNA) and is covered by a cap-like structure called the acrosome, which helps the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization. The midpiece is packed with mitochondria that provide energy for the sperm's movement. The tail, or flagellum, whips back and forth to propel the sperm forward.
Sperm are produced through a process called spermatogenesis, which starts at puberty and continues throughout a man's life. It takes about 74 days for sperm to mature. A single ejaculation can release millions of sperm, although only a fraction of them will reach the egg.
Examples
During intercourse, sperm are released into the vagina and swim towards the fallopian tubes to fertilize an egg.
Low sperm count or poor sperm motility can lead to male infertility.